H. The Special Festivals
THREE FESTIVALS APPOINTED Exodus 23:14-17, 34:23
ALTERNATE NAMES FOR FESTIVALS Deuteronomy 16:16,17
PROMISE FOR OBSERVANCE Exodus 34:24
1. Passover and Festival of Unleavened Bread 1st Month, 14th-21st Days (March-April)
“Passover memorializes the freeing of the Israelites from their Egyptian bondage, when death passed over the land and killed the firstborn of all but the Israelites. The weeklong Festival of Unleavened Bread which follows is a commemoration of the exodus itself The Passover meal includes lamb, representing the passover lamb; unleavened bread, representing purity; and bitter herbs, representing the horrors of bondage.”
WHAT PASSOVER SIGNIFIES Exodus 34:18/Deuteronomy 16:1-7
PENALTY FOR NOT OBSERVING Numbers 9:13
APPLICATION TO GUESTS Numbers 9:14
OBSERVING UNLEAVENED BREAD Leviticus 23:4-8/Numbers 28:16,17/Deuteronomy 16:8
OFFERINGS Numbers 28:18-25
2. Festival of Weeks (Harvest or Firstfruits) 3rd Month, 6th Day (May-June)
“the second major festival takes place seven weeks following the Festival of Unleavened Bread. Hence the name by which it is presently called, the Festival of Weeks, and the name by which it will one day be called, Pentecost (meaning 50). Although closely associated with a time of agricultural harvest, it foreshadows various spiritual “firstfruits” in which believers in God will be “harvested.”
TIME FOR FESTIVAL Deuteronomy 16:9-12
WAVE OFFERING Exodus 34:22/Leviticus 23:9-14
OFFERINGS FROM LEVITICUS Leviticus 23:15-21
OFFERINGS FROM NUMBERS Numbers 28:26-31
3. Festival of Trumpets 7th Month, 1st Day (September-October)
“Shortly before the third major festival, the Israelites are to celebrate one of less significance, known as the Festival of Trumpets. It takes place on the first day of the seventh month according to the religious calendar. And because that month is the first month on the civil calendar, it is a new year’s celebration as well, modernly called Rosh Hashanah.”
FESTIVAL AND OFFERINGS Leviticus 23:23-25/Numbers 29:1-6
4. Day of Atonement 7th Month, 10th Day (September-October)
“God called for an annual Day of Atonement, just before the Festival of Tabernacles or Ingathering. The Day of Atonement was established when Aaron was the high priest, but will continue until even modern times, in which it is celebrated as Yom Kippur. It is the only day upon which the Israelites are commanded to fast. Its great significance lies in the confession of sins and the sending out of the scapegoat for atonement.”
PRIEST IN HOLY PLACE Leviticus 16:1-5
TWO GOATS Leviticus 16:6-10
SIN OFFERING FOR PRIEST Leviticus 16:11-14
SIN OFFERING FOR PEOPLE Leviticus 16:15-17
BLOOD OF BULL AND GOAT Leviticus 16:18,19
CONFESSION OVER SCAPEGOAT Leviticus 16:20-22
PURIFICATION FOLLOWING RITE Leviticus 16:23-28
DAY TO BE ANNUAL Leviticus 16:29-34
TO BE DAY OF FASTING Leviticus 23:26-32
SPECIAL OFFERING Numbers 29:7-11
5. Festival of Tabernacles (Booths or Ingathering) 7th Month, 15th-21st Days (September-October)
“The final festival is known as the Festival of Tabernacles (or Booths) as a solemn reminder of Israel’s wandering in the wilderness in punishment for its sin of disbelief. During the week of celebration the Israelites are to live in tents or shelters made of tree branches. This festival is associated with a time of harvest and thus is alternately known as the Festival of Ingathering.”
SEVEN-DAY FESTIVAL Leviticus 23:33-36
TAKING OF BRANCHES Leviticus 23:39-41
DWELLING IN SHELTERS Leviticus 23:42,43
OFFERINGS FOR FESTIVAL Numbers 29:12-38
FESTIVAL TO BE JOYFUL Deuteronomy 16:13-15
CONCLUSION TO THE FESTIVALS Leviticus 23:37,38,44/Numbers 29:39,40
All quotations taken from The Daily Bible.
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